Bai sema
(Th.)
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See Sema
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Bakheng
(Kh.)
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The name of a Khmer style of art created circa late 9th to early 10th centuries A.D. Its important religious monument is the
Phnom Bakheng sanctuary tower constructed around the late 9th century A.D.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Ban
(Th.)
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Traditional Thai unit of volume equal to 1000 liter or 500 Kg.
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Banlang
(Th.)
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See Harmika.
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Baphuon
(Kh.)
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The name of a Khmer style of art executed around the 11th century A.D. Its important structure is the Baphtuon sanctuary
tower, believed to have been erected around the middle of the century.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Barali
(Th.)
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Finials evenly spaced on the roof-ridge between the two cho fa finials (See also Cho fa).
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Bayon
(Kh.)
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The name of a Khmer style of art created circa late 12th to early 13th centuries A.D. The important monument is the Bayon
sanctuary tower built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Bodhisattva
(Skt.)
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[Bodhisatta (P.); Phothisat (Th.)]: In Theravada Buddhism, the name given to a Buddha-to-be, a being who is destined to
become a Buddha, especially the historical Buddha in his previous incarnations. In Mahayana Buddhism, he is a compassionate
being who voluntarily postpones nirvana in order to help all beings achieve a similar state of perfection, so that all may attain an
end to rebirth.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Brahmanism
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The religion during the pre-Buddhist era, developed from the Vedic culture which the Aryans had brought into northern India.
Later, it evolved into Hinduism of which the greatest divinities are Trimurti : Brahma (the Creator), Visnu or Phra Narai (the
Preserver) and Siva or Isvara (the Destroyer). In Hinduism, to destroy is also to create as the Hindus believe in rebirth.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Bua chongkon
(Th.)
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See Bua hua sao
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Bua hua Sao
(Th.)
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[bua (lotus) + hua sao (capital)]: Capital in the form of a stylized lotus ornamenting the viharn or ubosot columns. Some lotus
capitals are formed in a bulb shape with tiers of overlapping small petals (Thai : bua klum or bua ho) or they are in the form of a
stylized long-petalled blooming lotus (Thai : bua chongkon).
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Bua khwam bua ngai
(Th.)
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See Bua pak rakhang.
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Bua Klum
(Th.)
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See Bua hua sao.
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Bua pak rakhang
(Th.)
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A row of upper and lower lotus petalled motifs around the bottom of the anda.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Bua thala
(Th.)
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A series of superimposed inverted Cyma Recta mouldings fixed around the structures.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Bua tho
(Th.)
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See Bua hua sao.
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Buddha subduing Mara
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An attitude of Buddha images. This attitude is represented by a seated image in a folded-leg posture, with the right hand hanging
down on the right knee and the left palm on the lap. With this gesture, He is calling upon Dharani, the Earth Goddess, to
acknowledge and witness His right to Enlightenment. Other terms used to describe this attitude are the Victory over Mara, the
Defeat of Mara, the Maravijaya and Calling the Earth to Witness. (See Mara)
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Buddha under Naga
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The attitude of Buddha images popularly created in Khmer art. In Thai art, the Buddha under Naga generally refers to an
episode from the Life of Gautarna Buddha after He had attained Enlightenment. That is, in the sixth week after His Enlightenment,
He moved from the place called Ajapalanigrodha to sit under the Mucalinda tree (Chik tree). While He was meditating there, a
storm arose. The king of nagas (Nagaraja) named Mucalinda came up from the pond beside and coiled itself around the Buddha
in seven coils and spread its seven-headed hood over Him to prevent the stormy rain from touching His body. This
seated-Buddha attitude is conventionally believed to be the special image for the one who was born on Saturday.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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