Paam
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Ancient name for Pattani.
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Pala art
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The art of the Pala dynasty, an Indian dynasty of northeastern India (8th - 12th centuries A.D.). Its kings patronized Mahayana Buddhism
of which the center was at Nalanda.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Palelai
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Phra Palelai depicts a posture of Buddha in one episode of his life when he sat in the jungle and an elephant offered him a sugar cane
while the monkey offered him a honey comb.
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Pattani
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The ancient name for Pattani is Paam.
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Pha Kong
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Ancient name of Nan.
[Ref: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 72.]
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Phangoa
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Phangoa is a corruption of the prefix "Phor" (father) and "Ngoa" (old word for five). It was common in earlier times to call children by
numbers, even in noble or royal families. "Ngoa" can be compared with the Latin "Quintus". This system of nomenclature was as follows:
1. Ai; 2. Yi; 3. Saw; 4. Sai; 5. Ngoa; 6. Lok; 7. Chet; 8. Pet; 9. Chew; 10. Chong. These same names are in use among the Shans at the
present day, though most of then have fallen into disuse in Thailand. There was a similar system for naming girls.
[Ref: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 70.]
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Phongsawadan
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Phongsawadan is derived from two pali words "bansa"and "avatara", means history or annals of members of a line dynasty or kingdom.
It usually refers to dynastic chronicles. Appeared first in the 17th century.
[Ref: The Rise of Ayudhya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - page 1.]
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Phuket
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The ancient names for Phuket are Ianarurum and Junkceylon.
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Phra Narai
(Th.)
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See Visnu.
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Phra Sing
Phra Sihing
(Th.)
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The Phra Sing or Phra Sihing was cast in Ceylon (Sri Lanka) early in the Christian Era. King Ramkhamheng of Sukhothai sent an envoy
to Ceylon to ask for it. It was despatched by sea, shipwrecked, and floated ashore at Nakhon Sri Thammarat. The image was taken to
Chainat (Sukhothai Kingdom), where it was removed to Ayutthaya by Boromracha I around 1378. Mae Luang of the House of
Sukhothai and the wife of Boromracha I, conveyed it back to her kingdom by a stratagem implicating a son of the Governor of
Kamphaengphet. The image remained in Kamphaengphet until 1388. Prince Phrohm took the statue by force to Chiengmai and offered it
as an act of reconciliation to the King of Chiangmai. About 1549 the Phra Sing was removed to Luang Prabang, together with the
Emerald Buddha and the crystal Buddha of Lamphun, by the Maharaja of Chiengmai, Jai Jettha, who assumed the crown of Luang
Prabang and announced to remain there. In 1556 it was sent back to Chiengmai. In 1662 King Narai took it to Ayutthaya. After the
capture of Ayutthaya in 1767, Chiengmai troops assisting the Burmese, returned it as part of their booty to Chiengmai. King Rama I
(Chakri dynasty) received a submission from Chiangmai in 1795 and ordered the image back to Bangkok. At present the statue is in the
National Museum of Bangkok. It is interesting to know that there are at least three images going by the same name; one in Nakhon Sri
Thammarat, one in Chiang Mai and one in Bangkok. All three claim to have the original. Conquering troops in former days captured a
replica of the image as the original was hidden in case of an attack and a replica set up in place. The Phra Sing now in Chiengmai is
generally supposed to be a replica, cast about 1388. Some believe however, that it is the original image, and that the one in Bangkok is
the replica. All by all, the original could be well the statue of Nakhon Sri Thammarat.
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Picul
(Eng.)
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English word for the traditional Chinese unit of weight called dàn in Mandarin Chinese or tam in Cantonese language. A picul is the
equivalent of 60.47 Kg, but was rounded to 60 Kg in siam. The picul was the standard load for a human carrier of burdens. A picul is
equal to 100 catties. Also see "Hab".
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Plong chanai
(Th.)
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See Chatravali.
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Prajnaparamita
(Skt.)
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"Perfection of Wisdom", a goddess of wisdom in Mahayana Buddhism, highly venerated by the Mahayanists; sometimes regarded as the
(spiritual) Mother of all the Buddhas.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Prang
(Th.)
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[Thai pronunciation of pranga (Skt.)]: A kind of stupa corresponding to the prototype popularly executed in Khmer art (Prasat or
sanctuary tower). Generally, it has a square platform with a high redented base and a main body (or ruanthat) crowned with a long, large
top in the shape of a corn-cob.
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Prasat
(Th.)
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[Thai pronunciation of Prasada (Skt.)]: A residence of a king or god. This term is generally used in the sense of sanctuary tower
(Cambodia).
[Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).]
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Prathaksin
(Th.)
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[Thai pronunciation of padakkhina (P.); pradaksina (Skt.) Respectful clockwise circumambulation (See also lan prathaksin).
Ref: An outline of the History of Religious Architecture in Thailand - Sonthiwan Intralib (1991).
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Prawatsat
(Th.)
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Prawatsat is a modern Thai word meaning History, in use since the reign of King Rama VI (r.1910-1925).
[Ref: The Rise of Ayudhya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - page 1.]
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