| WAT SANGKHA JAI (วัดสังขจาย) |
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Wat Sangkha Jai or the "Monastery of the Fat Monk" was located off the city island
in the southern area in Samphao Lom sub-district. (1) The monastery was situated in the
Bang Kraja area (2).
Wat Khok Raeng stood in the south, while Wat Khun Phrom and Wat Nang Kui were
respectively on its west and eastern side.
There are no traces anymore visible of the monastery above ground level.
Historical data about the monastery and its construction are unknown.
The site is not indicated on a mid-19th century map, but is mentioned on Phraya Boran
Rachathanin's map drafted in 1926. Some remains of the temple were excavated by the
Fine Arts Department (FAD) in Geo Coord: +14° 20' 47.13" N, +100° 34' 19.52" E.
The name of the temple is derived from the Buddha image Phra Sangkha Jai [Pali:
Sankhajaya]. Pra Sangkha Jai, who is mostly called by westerners the "laughing Buddha",
but more correctly should be called the "fat monk", is invariably depicted with a bulging
belly in a sitting position. Pra Sangkha Jai is considered as Jambhala, the wealth-giving
form of Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of compassion; or Kubera, the Lord of Wealth,
and the god-king of the semi-divine Yakshas in the Hindu mythology. He is also a World-
protector and the Guardian of the Northern direction. The "fat monk" is sometimes also
referred to as Gavampati the "Lord of the Cattle" and is said to have been patron of the
Mon merchants.
...Saccakaparibajaka was a Nigrantha Jina ascetic. He lived in Vaisali during the
lifetime of the Buddha. He possesses immense wealth since birth and later became
a philosopher and teacher. He has many followers seeking wealth. Due to his
immense wealth and abundance of food and grains, he looked after the poor
orphaned children of Vaisali. He was said to have challenged Mahavira and the
Buddha to a discussion with him about whose philosophy was the best. At the end
of the debate he had to bow down to Buddha and acknowledge the Buddha’s
superiority. Even after he became a normal monk in Buddhism, his fame of being
the harbinger of extreme wealth and abundance made him followed by too many
worshipers, both Buddhists and non-Buddhists. It was to the point where his
popularity was annoyed and jealous by much of Buddha’s other follower monks.
To compensate the tension among his monks, Buddha had to explain about the
origin of Fat Monk Saccaka’s immense wealth and popularity by telling a story of
his previous life. "25 worlds ago, at the period of Kaukaukthan Buddha,
there was a big flood and his native country was flooded. Many people were
starved. The hungry and starved people called Kaukaukthan Buddha for help.
Even though he can make food for people with his own powers, Kaukaukthan
Buddha asked for help from the people who could donate food for the poor
instead. Saccaka at that time was a great merchant and as being a devoted
follower, he donated 500 ox-carts full of grains for the hungry people. Therefore
the Kaukaukthan Buddha had granted him a promise that he will be extremely
rich and abundant for number of lives equal to the number of grains in his 500 ox-
carts and his wealth would be immense and uncountable like the number of grains
that he had donated for the people. Since that time for 25 worlds, he was always
immensely wealthy and abundant in each and every of his life." Lord Buddha had
praised the Fat Monk Saccaka for his excellence in explaining sophisticated
dhamma in an easily and correctly understandable manner. The Fat Monk
Saccaka also composed the Madhupinadika Sutra or the first Pali Grammar. One
tale relates that when he was young, he was so handsome that once even a man
wanted him for a wife. To avoid a similar situation, the Monk Saccaka decided to
transform himself into a fat monk. Another tale says he was so attractive that
angels and men often compared him with the Lord Buddha. He considered this
inappropriate, so disguised himself in an unpleasantly fat body. Since his wealth
and abundance is mainly on food and grains, many farmers in Asia regard him as
the Lord of the Abundant Grains. Every year, at the start of the rainy season,
before starting the farming, his image was taken to the paddy fields and
worshipped with flowers, food and water. Then farmers pray at his statue for
great yield of paddy for the year. [1]
Footnotes:
(1) Literally the sub-district of the capsized junk.
(2) Bang (บาง) is a village on a river bank.
References:
[1] Excerpt taken from http://mindandwork.com/tag/phra-sangkachai - retrieved on 08
September 2010.
in the southern area in Samphao Lom sub-district. (1) The monastery was situated in the
Bang Kraja area (2).
Wat Khok Raeng stood in the south, while Wat Khun Phrom and Wat Nang Kui were
respectively on its west and eastern side.
There are no traces anymore visible of the monastery above ground level.
Historical data about the monastery and its construction are unknown.
The site is not indicated on a mid-19th century map, but is mentioned on Phraya Boran
Rachathanin's map drafted in 1926. Some remains of the temple were excavated by the
Fine Arts Department (FAD) in Geo Coord: +14° 20' 47.13" N, +100° 34' 19.52" E.
The name of the temple is derived from the Buddha image Phra Sangkha Jai [Pali:
Sankhajaya]. Pra Sangkha Jai, who is mostly called by westerners the "laughing Buddha",
but more correctly should be called the "fat monk", is invariably depicted with a bulging
belly in a sitting position. Pra Sangkha Jai is considered as Jambhala, the wealth-giving
form of Avalokiteśvara, the bodhisattva of compassion; or Kubera, the Lord of Wealth,
and the god-king of the semi-divine Yakshas in the Hindu mythology. He is also a World-
protector and the Guardian of the Northern direction. The "fat monk" is sometimes also
referred to as Gavampati the "Lord of the Cattle" and is said to have been patron of the
Mon merchants.
...Saccakaparibajaka was a Nigrantha Jina ascetic. He lived in Vaisali during the
lifetime of the Buddha. He possesses immense wealth since birth and later became
a philosopher and teacher. He has many followers seeking wealth. Due to his
immense wealth and abundance of food and grains, he looked after the poor
orphaned children of Vaisali. He was said to have challenged Mahavira and the
Buddha to a discussion with him about whose philosophy was the best. At the end
of the debate he had to bow down to Buddha and acknowledge the Buddha’s
superiority. Even after he became a normal monk in Buddhism, his fame of being
the harbinger of extreme wealth and abundance made him followed by too many
worshipers, both Buddhists and non-Buddhists. It was to the point where his
popularity was annoyed and jealous by much of Buddha’s other follower monks.
To compensate the tension among his monks, Buddha had to explain about the
origin of Fat Monk Saccaka’s immense wealth and popularity by telling a story of
his previous life. "25 worlds ago, at the period of Kaukaukthan Buddha,
there was a big flood and his native country was flooded. Many people were
starved. The hungry and starved people called Kaukaukthan Buddha for help.
Even though he can make food for people with his own powers, Kaukaukthan
Buddha asked for help from the people who could donate food for the poor
instead. Saccaka at that time was a great merchant and as being a devoted
follower, he donated 500 ox-carts full of grains for the hungry people. Therefore
the Kaukaukthan Buddha had granted him a promise that he will be extremely
rich and abundant for number of lives equal to the number of grains in his 500 ox-
carts and his wealth would be immense and uncountable like the number of grains
that he had donated for the people. Since that time for 25 worlds, he was always
immensely wealthy and abundant in each and every of his life." Lord Buddha had
praised the Fat Monk Saccaka for his excellence in explaining sophisticated
dhamma in an easily and correctly understandable manner. The Fat Monk
Saccaka also composed the Madhupinadika Sutra or the first Pali Grammar. One
tale relates that when he was young, he was so handsome that once even a man
wanted him for a wife. To avoid a similar situation, the Monk Saccaka decided to
transform himself into a fat monk. Another tale says he was so attractive that
angels and men often compared him with the Lord Buddha. He considered this
inappropriate, so disguised himself in an unpleasantly fat body. Since his wealth
and abundance is mainly on food and grains, many farmers in Asia regard him as
the Lord of the Abundant Grains. Every year, at the start of the rainy season,
before starting the farming, his image was taken to the paddy fields and
worshipped with flowers, food and water. Then farmers pray at his statue for
great yield of paddy for the year. [1]
Footnotes:
(1) Literally the sub-district of the capsized junk.
(2) Bang (บาง) is a village on a river bank.
References:
[1] Excerpt taken from http://mindandwork.com/tag/phra-sangkachai - retrieved on 08
September 2010.
| Text & map by Tricky Vandenberg - July 2010 Reviewed September 2010 & June 2011 |
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| (Phra Sangkha Jai at Wat Phukhao Thong) |
| (Phra Sangkha Jai at Wat Dawadung) |
| (Extract of a begin-20th century map) |
