Year
|
Event
|
1314
|
Birth of Prince U-Thong, the future first king of Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Rise of Ayutthaya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - page 157]
|
1324
|
Construction of the statue of Phra Phanan Choeng (presently at Wat Phanan Choeng - Ayutthaya).
[Ref: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Richard D. Cushman (2006) - page 10 / Source: Luang Prasoet]
|
1325
|
Phya U-Thong, father-in-law of Ramathibodi I, acquired a considerable part of the dominions once ruled over by King Ramkhamhaeng of Sukhothai.
These dominions, include Nakhon Sri Thammarat, Ratburi and Phetburi, as well as Tenasserim and Tavoy, which had been lost to Sukhothai in 1318, and
which U-Thong had annexed around 1325.
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood - Chap IV - page 63]
|
1331
|
Prince U-Thong married a princess of Suphanburi.
[Reference: The Rise of Ayutthaya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - page 157]
|
1340s
|
Prince U-Thong married a princess of Lopburi.
[Reference: The Rise of Ayutthaya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - page 157]
|
1346/7
|
Death of King Lo Thai of Sukhothai and throne ascendance of King Ngua Nam Thom (reign 1346/7)
[Reference: Wyatt, David K. (2003) - Thailand, A short history (2nd Ed.) - Silkworm Books]
|
1346/7
|
Death of King Ngua Nam Thom of Sukhothai and throne ascendance of Mahathammaracha I (Luethai) (reign 1346/7- ca. 1368/74). The Sukhothai
dominions are invaded by Prince U-Thong and Chai Nat captured, but returned on unknown conditions.
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 65; Wyatt, David K. (2003) - Thailand, A short history (2nd Ed.) - Silkworm Books]
|
1350
|
Founding of Ayutthaya and commencement of the Kingdom of Siam. Construction of the Phaithun Palace, the Phaichayon Palace and the Aisawan Palace
in the area now occupied by Wat Sri Sanphet.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 10]
|
| |
Reign of King Ramathibodhi I (1351–1369)
|
1351
|
Throne ascendancy of King Ramathibodi I (U-Thong) on 4 March 1351 - 1st King of Ayutthaya. King Ramathibodi installed his brother-in-law, Prince
Phangoa, as governor of Suphanburi, with the title of Borommaracha Thao. His son, Prince Ramesuan, was appointed governor of Lopburi.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - King Ramathibodhi I, 1351-1369 - page 10]
|
1352
|
Ayutthaya attacked Angkor. King Ramathibodhi I send his son, Prince Ramesuan with an army to Angkor after a new King - Boromma Lamphongsaraja -
succeeded the Cambodian throne. Prince Ramesuan's vanguard got routed, fled and collided with his main army. Prince Phangoa (the later King
Borommaracha I) of Suphanburi was asked to assist. He defeated the Cambodians and the Khmer capital was taken in 1353 after a siege of one year. As
the King of Cambodia died during the siege, a vassal king was set up in his place. A large number of Khmer inhabitants were moved to Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman - page 11 / A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood - Chap IV - page 65]
Thai scholars although put this campaign against Cambodia in the year 1369.
[Reference: The Rise of Ayutthaya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - page 123]
|
1353
|
Construction of Wat Phutthaisawan at the Wiang Lek Royal Residence. It is from this place that U-Thong sent out his men to find a suitable location to
establish the city of Ayutthaya. It was one of the customs of the Northern Kingdom of Sukhothai to turn the Royal residence into a temple. King
Borommatrailokanat would later follow this example in giving the location of his palace to establish Wat Phra Sri Sanphet.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 11 / The Rise of Ayutthaya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - page 136]
|
1356
|
Construction of the Mangkhala Phisek hall at the old palace site in Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 10]
|
1363
|
Construction of Wat Pa Kaeo, presently called Wat Yai Chai Mongkhon. King Ramathibodhi I ordered the construction of a chedi and vihara at the
cremation site of Prince Keo and Prince Thai (probably sons from one of his three wives) who died from cholera and gave it the name of Pa Kaeo.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 11].
William Wood put the death of the two princes in 1357 (his source is not known).
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 65]
|
1368/74
ca.
|
Death of King Mahathammaracha I (Luethai) of Sukhothai and throne ascendance of Mahathammaracha II (reign ca. 1368/74 - ca. 1398).
[Reference: Wyatt, David K. (2003) - Thailand, A short history (2nd Ed.) - Silkworm Books]
|
1369
|
See 1352
|
1369
|
The Hongwu Emperor (Ming dynasty), Zhu Yuanzhang, bestowed a present of some silk, and a copy of the Imperial Almanac of China upon the Court of
Siam in 1369. The Siamese had been long at war with the Maliyi, or Maliurh (Malays?) but both nations laid aside their feud and submitted to China. The
chronicles of the Ming speak of the country by its present Chinese name. Lien Lo, or Tsien Lo, or in Cantonese, Tsim-Lo.
[Reference: Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 72]
|
1369
|
Death of King Ramathibodhi I and throne ascendancy of King Ramesuan - 2nd King of Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 11]
|
| |
Reign of King Ramesuan (First reign 1369-1370)
|
1369
|
Construction of Wat Phra Ram.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 11]
|
1370
|
Tributary mission to the Hongwu Emperor in China from the then king, Cham lit chiu piya, with a tribute of Siamese produce, and an address written on
gold leaf.
[Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 72]
|
1370
|
Throne ascendancy of King Borommaracha I - 3th King of Ayutthaya. King Ramesuan was unpopular. A year after his accession to the throne,
disturbances broke out which he was unable to quell. He was urged by his ministers to abdicate in favour of his uncle, Prince Phangoa at that time the
governor of Suphanburi. The matter was amicably arranged. Prince Phangoa became King under the name of Borommaracha I, while King Ramesuan
reverted to his former position as Governor of Lopburi.
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 70]
|
| |
Reign of King Borommaracha I (1370-1388)
|
1371
|
King Borommaracha I sends an embassy to Nankin - China (Hongwu, 1st Emperor of the Ming Dynasty) to inform him of the changes at the Court in
Ayutthaya.
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 71]
A tributary mission of Siam to the Hongwu Emperor in China with an offering of black bears, white apes, and other produce of the country.
[Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 72]
|
1371
|
King Borommaracha I invades Sukhothai and captures several northern towns.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 11]
|
1372
|
King Borommaracha I continues his annexations and seizes Nakhon Phangkha [Nakhon Sawan?] and Saeng Charao [Chachoengsao?].
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 12; The Vickery Chronicle]
|
1373
|
King Borommaracha I invests the city of Chakangrao (Kamphaengphet) the western outpost of the Sukhothai dominions. Phraya Sai Kaeo, one of the
rulers was killed in battle, while another ruler, Phraya Khamhaeng, was able to flee back into the fortified city. The Ayutthayan army returned without
capturing the city.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 12]
|
1373
|
A Siamese princess, probably the mother of the ex-King Ramesuen sent envoys to Nankin (China).
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 71]
The king’s sister sent a present to the Hongwu Empress Ma (Empress Xiaocigao). Hungwu wrote a despatch declining it. It was again tendered, and
again declined; but the envoy was publicly entertained, and, in gratitude, a map of Siam was sent to the Emperor as a supplementary tribute.
[Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 72]
|
1373
|
Ayutthaya established the town of Tenasserim in 1373 and built the pagoda of Wottsheng finalized in 1380, still standing on the ruins of Old Tenasserim.
[Ref: English Intercourse with Siam in the 17th century - John Anderson (1890) - Page 3.]
|
1373
|
The regular tribute of this or the preceding year had been damaged in a storm, which drove the Siamese tribute vessel on the Hainan Islands. The
authorities of that place behaved well to the crew, and the envoy Shalipa came on to Canton to tender the residue of the original quantity of manufactures
and spices. The officials of Canton were instructed not to receive these, as there was no address with them, and it was decreed that tribute should be
brought once in three years. An address to the heir-apparent of China was received this year from the Crown Prince of Siam.
[Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 72]
|
1374
|
King Borommaracha I's nephew, Prince Nakhon In (later King Intharacha - Inburi, city under Suphanburi), sent envoys to Nankin (China).
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 71]
|
1374
|
(Approx) Throne ascendancy of Maha Thammaracha II of Sukhothai.
[Reference: The Rise of Ayudhya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - App A]
|
1375
|
A son of the ex-King Ramesuan sent an embassy to Nankin (China).
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 71]
|
1375
1376
|
Prince Nakhon In visits Nankin in person.
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 71]
The Crown Prince of Siam was sent to do homage to the Emperor of China, who desired the Board of Ceremonies to provide him with a court dress;
also to make a state seal, for the use of the Court of Siam; which State was for the future to be called Sien-Lo.
[Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 72/73]
|
1375
|
King Borommaracha I seized Phitsanulok, the second capital of the Kingdom of Sukhothai. The ruler of the city, Khun Sam Kaeo, is captured and a large
number of Phitsanulok's inhabitants is forcibly moved to Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 12]
|
1376
|
King Borommaracha I makes another attempt to take Chakangrao. The Governor of Chakangrao received assistance from the Governor of Nan and his
army. They set up an ambush for the Ayutthayan army, but did not succeed. The troops of the Governor of Nan were scattered and slaughtered. The
city of Chakangrao although was able to resist and King Borommaracha I returned to Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 12 / A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 72]
|
1377
|
Foundation of the twin cities Mueang Phrom (Phrom Buri) and Mueang In[dra] (In Buri) along the banks of the Chao Phraya River, at present located in
the province of Sing Buri.
[Ref: Ancient Cities in Thailand - Abha Bhamorabutr (1981) - page 19.]
|
1378
|
King Borommaracha I went to seize Sukhothai's frontier city, Chakangrao, again. The King of Sukhothai, Mahathammaracha II, was present this time.
Realising the hopelessness of further resistance, he surrendered the city and made submission to King Borommaracha I. Mahathammaraja II, was not
deposed, but was left to reign over a portion of his former dominions as a tributary state of Ayutthaya, with his capital at Phitsanulok. The western part
of the Sukhothai dominions, including Chakangrao, was annexed to Ayutthaya. King Borommaracha I combined the two cities of Chakangrao and
Nakhon Chum and called it Khampaeng Phet. The name of Kamphaeng Phet was indicated for the first time in 1397 on a stone inscription.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Cushman (2006) - page 12 / A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 72]
|
1382
|
Ayutthaya envoys to China receive a state passport in 1382 and return with figured silk and porcelain.
[Reference: Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 73]
|
1385
|
In 1385, a Chinese envoy was sent to Siam with special thanks for the delivery of one hundred piculs of pepper and one hundred piculs of Sapan wood.
[Reference: Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 73]
|
1387
|
King Kü Na, the 9th King of Chiang Mai, died around 1387. He was succeeded by his son, Saen Müang Ma. An uncle of the latter, Prince Phrom, made
an attempt to seize the throne but failed and requested the aid of Ayutthaya. King Borommaracha I, seeing an opportunity to extend his power beyond the
Sukhothai dominions dispatched an army to attack Chiang Mai. A fierce battle took place at Saen Sanuk near Chiang Mai, which the Ayutthayan army lost
and they withdrew through Muang li. The Luang Prasoet chronicle of Ayutthaya put this event in 1387. Prince Phrom reconciled with his nephew to
whom he presented the Phra Singh or Phra Sihing, a sacred Buddha image, obtained by force from Kamphaeng Phet.
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 73]
|
1387
|
Siam sent thirty elephants, with two attendants (mahouts) each to China in 1387.
[Reference: Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 73]
|
1388
|
In 1388 King Borommaracha I went to the North in order to assist the Governor of Kamphaeng Phet against Prince Phrom, ruler of Chiang Saen, who
with his army occupied the city. Kamphaeng Phet was taken. The king although became ill, returned, but died on the way back to Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Richard D. Cushman (2006) - page 12 / Source: Luang Prasoet.]
|
1388
|
Prince Thong Lan, 17-year old son of King Borommaracha I ascends the throne - 4th King of Ayutthaya.
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 74]
|
| |
Reign of King Thong Lan (1388)
|
1388
|
Former King Ramesuan, son of Ramathibodhi I descends to Ayutthaya from Lopburi with an army. He succeed in entering the palace and arrest King
Thong Lan. The latter is executed at the Khok Phraya Monastery. King Thong Lan reigned for seven days. King Ramesuan re-ascends the throne.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Richard D. Cushman (2006) - page 12 / Source: Phan Canthanumat, British Museum, Reverend
Phonnarat & Phra Cakkraphatdiphong.]
|
1388
|
King Ramesuan (reign 1369-1370/1388-1395) gave notice of King Borommaracha I's death in 1388, and prayed the Chinese Court to be invested as his
successor. A eunuch, high in office, was sent by the Hongwu Emperor to perform the ceremony of investment of the Siamese King.
[Reference: Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 73]
|
| |
Reign of King Ramesuan (Second reign 1388-1395)
|
1389
|
In 1389, Ayutthaya sent a tribute of seventeen hundred piculs of sappanwood to the Chinese Great Ming Court.
[Reference: Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 73]
|
1390
|
Sukhothai under King Maha Thammaracha II attacks Chiang Mai forces - King Thammaracha of Sukhothai requested the aid of the King of Chiang Mai
to throw off his allegiance with Ayutthaya. The young King of Chiang Mai, Saen Müang Ma (r.1385-1411), came down at the head of an army to assist
the vassal, but this would appear to have been merely a ruse, for the Chiang Mai army was suddenly attacked by night by the Sukhothai forces, and
dispersed with great loss. The young King of Chiang Mai himself only just managed to escape.
[Reference: History of Laos - M.L. Manich Jumsai (2000) - page 54 / A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 75]
|
1391
|
In 1391, Ayutthaya applied for the standard weights and measures of China, which were granted by the Great Ming Court.
[Reference: Bowring, John (1857) - The Kingdom and People of Siam Vol I - London, John W. Parker and Son, West Strand - page 73]
|
1393
|
The King of Cambodia, Kodom Bong, invades Chonburi and Chantabun districts, and removed 7000 of the population back to Cambodia. The Khmer
Pongsa Voda records this invasion in 1373.
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 76 / www.geocities.com/khmerchronology - data retrieved on 24 April 2009)]
|
1393
|
King Ramesuan assembled an army and advanced to the Khmer capital, Angkor Thom. The Cambodian forces were routed and the King of Cambodia
escaped by boat; his final fate not recorded. The Crown Prince was captured, and a grandson of King Kodom Bong, named Sri Suriyo Phawong, was set
up as a vassal King, under the tutelage of the Siamese General, Phya Jai Narong, who remained in Cambodia with a garrison of five thousand men. No
less than 90,000 Cambodians were taken away as prisoners to Siam. (According to Cambodian history, this invasion took place in A.D. 1357)
[Reference: A History of Siam - W.A.R. Wood (1924) - page 76]
|
1395
|
Ming envoys, eunuch Zhao Da and Song Fu, lead a maritime voyage to Ayutthaya (with the aim to control trade and execute political and economic
control).
[Reference: The Zheng He Voyages: A Reassessment - Geoff Wade (2004) - Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series No. 31.]
|
1395
|
Construction of Wat Phukhao Thong in the fields north of Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Richard D. Cushman (2006) - page 14 / Source: Luang Prasoet.]
|
1395
|
Death of King Ramesuan and throne ascendancy of King Ramaracha, a grandson of King U-Thong - 5th King of Ayutthaya.
[Reference: The Royal Chronicles of Ayutthaya - Richard D. Cushman (2006) - page 14 / Source: Luang Prasoet.]
|
| |
Reign of King Ramaracha (1395-1409)
|
1396
|
A high-ranking envoy [Khun Luang] from the south (likely Sukhothai, possibly Ayutthaya) came to Nan in 1396 to perform the consecration of Chao
Khamtan, the ruler of Nan. The ceremony, consisting in pouring consecrated water over the head of the ruler of Nan, took place at Ta Li. After the
consecration, Chao Khamtan got severe headache and died the same night. The envoy fled, what let us in the supposition that the consecrated water was
poisoned and the ruler of Nan as thus murdered. Chao Si Canta, his son, succeeded him the same year.
[Reference: The Nan Chronicle - Ratchasomphan (Sænluang.) - David K. Wyatt (1994) - SEAP Publications -page 49 (2.13)]
|
1397
|
The rulers of Phrae attacked and captured Nan, after Chao Si Canta was on the throne for one year. The eight king of the Nan dynasty was put to death
in1397. Chao Hung, the younger brother of the King south refuge in the Kingdom of Sukhothai at Chaliang.
[Reference: The Nan Chronicle - Ratchasomphan (Sænluang.) - David K. Wyatt (1994) - SEAP Publications -page 49 (2.14)]
|
1398
|
Death of King Mahathammaracha II of Sukhothai and throne ascendancy of Maha Thammaracha III of Sukhothai (Sai Luthai) (reign 1398-1419).
[Reference: The Rise of Ayudhya - Charnvit Kasetsiri (1976) - App A; Wyatt, David K. (2003) - Thailand, A short history (2nd Ed.) - Silkworm Books]
|
